Chemistry And Technology Of Surfactants

Surfactants are used throughout industry as components in a hugerange of formulated products or as effect chemicals in theproduction or processing of other materials. A detailedunderstanding of the basis of their activity is required by allthose who use surfactants, yet the new graduate or postgraduatechemist or chemical engineer will generally have little or noexperience of how and why surfactants work. Chemistry & Technology of Surfactants is aimed at newgraduate or postgraduate level chemists and chemical engineers atthe beginning their industrial careers and those in later life whobecome involved with surfactants for the first time. The book is astraightforward and practical survey of the chemistry ofsurfactants and their uses, providing a basic introduction tosurfactant theory, information on the various types of surfactantand some application details. This will allow readers to build ontotheir scientific education the concepts and principles on which thesuccessful use of surfactants, across a wide range of industries,is based.

A solid introduction to the field of surfactant science, this new edition provides updated information about surfactant uses, structures, and preparation, as well as seven new chapters expanding on technology applications. Offers a comprehensive introduction and reference of the science and technology of surface active materials Elaborates, more fully than prior editions, aspects of surfactant crystal structure as well as their effects on applications Adds more information on new classes and applications of natural surfactants in light of environmental consequences of surfactant use

Agrochemical products and adjuvants are of vital importance in agriculture, to protect food and fibre crops from weeds, insect pests and diseases, in order to feed and clothe the growing world population. In recent years there have been increasing pressures to produce agrochemical formulations which have a lower environmental impact and are safer in use. Enormous changes have taken place in the chemistry and technology of agrochemicals over the last twenty years or so and this book provides a timely review of the most important area of technology in the development of new products. This book covers issues around international product quality and safety standards and describes the current and likely future trends which will carry the industry forward into the next millennium. It brings together well known international experts with many years of practical experience from agrochemical companies, consultancies, academic institutions and regulatory bodies. Chemists and technologists involved in developing new or improved agrochemical formulations will find this book an essential reference in the course of their work. The book will also be of interest to those working in research and development departments of raw material suppliers, as a concise review of this important field.

In to days market, custom formulated surfactants are offered for a wide range of applications. The need for surfactants in detergents, cleaning agents, cosmetics & toiletries is second only to an expanding demand in industrial applications. But even within the non-industrial areas the demands have undergone significant changes in recent years. For example, washing and cleaning temperatures have substantially decreased with increased energy conservation attitudes, and more stringent regulatory requirements in the area of ecology and toxicology are leading to new product profiles. New manufacturing technologies and an increased utilization of natural raw materials also factor into this continuing evolution. These changes and trends have been described in numerous publications. However, a summary and survey of these developments is currently missing. The book presented here "Surfactants in Consumer Products" is intended to close this gap. The editor and authors dedicate this work to Dr. Dr. h.c. Konrad Henkel on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Dr. Henkel, himself a scientist and industrialist, contributed signifi cantly to developments in the surfactant field. In the nineteen-fifties, he initiated the change from soap based detergents to synthetic detergents within Henkel. At the same time, dishwashing detergents utilizing various synthetic surfactants were also developed, and became the basis for modem manual and mechanical dishwashing.

Written by top international experts in colloid and surface chemistry. It develops a generalized scheme for describing the interrelationships of various idealized solution model, reviews the concepts of HLB number and temperature as well as developments on the HLB system combining both methods, shows molecular aggregation is possible in an aprotic and polar solvent and compares the results obtained in N-methylsydone to those in water and formamide and more. Contains close to 750 literature references and nearly 400 useful figures, equations and tables

Chemical formulation can be traced back to Stone Age times, when hunter-gatherers attached flint arrowheads to shafts using a resin made from birch bark and beeswax. Today, formulated preparations are part of everyday life. Formulations based on surfactants are by far the most prolific, from shampoos and shower gels to emulsion paint and polishes. This book discusses the chemical technology of surfactants and related chemicals, using over forty examples of everyday products. Some basic theory on surface chemistry, molecular interactions and surfactant function is included to aid understanding. Chemical Formulation: An Overview of Surfactant-based Preparations Used in Everyday Life then goes on to look at wider aspects such as surfactant manufacture, raw materials, environment, sustainability, analysis and testing. Throughout, common chemical names are used for formulation chemicals, further aiding the readability of the book. Bridging the gap between theory and application, this book will be invaluable to anyone wishing to broaden their knowledge of applied chemistry, including students on A level, BTEC and technician courses. It will also be of benefit to those new to the formulation industry.

Organized on a product category basis, this volume provides an up-to-date review of the cosmetics and toiletries industry in a readily digestible form. Authors discuss the rationale of raw materials selection, the formulation and development of products that meet the demands of an international market place, product performances, and safety and quality aspects.

Surfactant research explores the forces responsible for surfactant assembly and the critical industrial, medical, and personal applications, including viscosity control, microelectronics, drug stabilization, drug delivery, cosmetics, enhanced oil recovery, and foods. Surfactant Science and Technology: Retrospects and Prospects, "a Festschrift in honor of Dr. Kash Mittal," provides a broad perspective with chapters contributed by leaders in the fields of surfactant-based physical, organic, and materials chemistries. Many of the authors participated in a special symposium in Melbourne, Australia, honoring Kash Mittal’s 100th edited book at the 18th Surfactants in Solution (SIS) meeting. Each chapter provides an overview of a specific research area, with discussions on past, present, and future directions. The book is divided into six parts. Part I reviews the evolution of theoretical models for surfactant self-assembly, and introduces a model for interpreting ion-specific effects on aggregate properties. Part II focuses on interactions of surfactant solutions with solid supports; uses contact angles to understand hydrophobic/hydrophilic changes in a lipid layer; uses surface tension to understand molecular arrangements at interfaces; reviews spreading phenomena; discusses pattern formation on solid surfaces; and applies tensiometry to probe flavor components of espresso. Part III discusses novel DNA-based materials, multifunctional poly(amino acid)s–based graft polymers for drug delivery, and polymeric surfactants for stabilizing suspensions and emulsions. Part IV introduces farm-based biosurfactants from natural products and "greener" biosurfactants from bacteria. Part V explores lyotropic liquid crystals and their applications in triggered drug release; microemulsion properties and controlled drug release; the role of hydrotopes in formulations and in enhancing solubilization in liquid crystals; the potential of ionic liquids to generate tunable and selective reaction media; and provides an overview of stimuli-responsive surfactants. Focusing on emulsions, Part VI reviews the design of emulsion properties for various commercial applications, the role of surfactants in the oil and gas industries, and surfactant mechanisms for soil removal via microemulsions and emulsification.

Bridging the gap between theory and application, this book will be invaluable to anyone wishing to broaden their knowledge of applied chemistry.

Surfactant technology represents a vibrant and challenging area of physico-chemical science - exact mechanisms of well-established processes are not often fully understood, thus creating continued debate. Journals are available which briefly report on the range of advances in this area, and there are books focusing on specific classes of surfactant or their defined end-uses. However, the Annual Surfactants Review series presents important recent developments in surfactant technology in a clear, informative, and thorough style, fully appraising the latest developments for all those interested in surface chemistry. New Products and Applications in Surfactant Technology, Volume 1 of Annual Surfactants Review, covers new products and applications in surfactant technology, including detailed chapters on cationic, polymeric, and "hybrid" fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon surfactants and bio-surfactants as well as esters of alpha-sulphonated fatty acids. Discussions include: Production, physico-chemical properties, and applications of these products A Japanese perspective on surfactants for personal care products The use of surfactant systems for the environmental remediation of contaminated land The biodegradability, aquatic toxicity and oestrogenic activity of alkylphenol ethoxylates related to health, safety, and environmental concerns The physical behavior of surfactants in solutions Multiple emulsions This volume serves as a primary resource for surfactant chemists; manufacturers and users of surfactants; analytical chemists, environmental chemists; health and safety personnel; and professionals working with surfactant formulations in specialty chemicals, polymers, and detergents.

This second edition has been designed to monitor the progress in develop ment over the past few years and to build on the information given in the first edition. It has been extensively revised and updated. My thanks go to all who have contributed to this work. D.F.W. May 1996 Preface to the first edition This book is the result of a group of development scientists feeling that there was an urgent need for a reference work that would assist chemists in understanding the science involved in the development of new products. The approach is to inform in a way that allows and encourages the reader to develop his or her own creativity in working with marketing colleagues on the introduction of new products. Organised on a product category basis, emphasis is placed on formulation, selection of raw materials, and the technology of producing the products discussed. Performance considerations, safety, product liability and all aspects of quality are covered. Regulations governing the production and sale of cosmetic products internationally are described, and sources for updated information provided. Throughout the book, reference is made to consumer pressure and environmental issues-concerns which the development scientist and his or her marketing counterpart ignore at their own, and their employer's peril. In recent years, many cosmetic fragrances and toiletry products have been converted from aerosols to mechanically press uri sed products or sprays, and these are described along with foam products such as hair conditioning mousses.

The manufacture and use of almost every consumer and industrial product rely on application of advanced knowledge in surface science and tribology. These two disciplines are of critical importance in major economic sectors, such as mining, agriculture, manufacturing (including metals, plastics, wood, computers, MEMS, NEMS, appliances), construction, transportation, and medical instruments, transplants, and diagnostic devices. An up-to-date reference with contributions by experts in surface science and tribology, Surfactants in Tribology, Volume 3 discusses some of the underlying tribological and surface science issues relevant to many situations in diverse industries. The tradition of presenting new developments and research that began with the first volume in this groundbreaking series continues in the third volume. Comprising 19 chapters on various aspects of surfactants in tribology—including subjects not covered in previous volumes—this book is presented in four parts: Nanotribology and Polymeric Systems, Biobased and Environmentally Friendly Lubricants and Additives, Tribological Properties of Aqueous and Nonaqueous Systems, and Advanced Tribological Concepts. Topics include tribological properties of nanoparticles, biopolymer friction, environmentally friendly surface-active agents, biolubricants, aqueous mixed surfactant systems, and surfactants in motor oil, drilling fluids, and in electrowetting for MEMS and NEMS. The information in this volume provides a cutting-edge reference connecting the fields of surfactants and tribology as a way forward to novel, enhanced methods of controlling lubrication, friction, and wear. Written by a global team of established authorities, this book reflects the latest developments, highlighting the relevance of surfactants in tribological phenomena in a broad range of industries. It provides a valuable resource for readers working in or entering the fields of tribology and surface science.

This volume will be summarized on the basis of the topics of Ionic Liquids in the form of chapters and sections. It would be emphasized on the synthesis of ILs of different types, and stabilization of amphiphilic self-assemblies in conventional and newly developed ILs to reveal formulation, physicochemical properties, microstructures, internal dynamics, thermodynamics as well as new possible applications. It covers: Topics of ionic liquid assisted micelles and microemulsions in relation to their fundamental characteristics and theories Development bio-ionic liquids or greener, environment-friendly solvents, and manifold interesting and promising applications of ionic liquid based micelles and micremulsions

This is an easily-accessible two-volume encyclopedia summarizing all the articles in the main volumes Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fifth Edition organized alphabetically. Written by prominent scholars from industry, academia, and research institutions, the Encyclopedia presents a wide scope of articles on chemical substances, properties, manufacturing, and uses; on industrial processes, unit operations in chemical engineering; and on fundamentals and scientific subjects related to the field.

The fifth edition of the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology builds upon the solid foundation of the previous editions, which have proven to be a mainstay for chemists, biochemists, and engineers at academic, industrial, and government institutions since publication of the first edition in 1949. The new edition includes necessary adjustments and modernisation of the content to reflect changes and developments in chemical technology. Presenting a wide scope of articles on chemical substances, properties, manufacturing, and uses; on industrial processes, unit operations in chemical engineering; and on fundamentals and scientific subjects related to the field. The Encyclopedia describes established technology along with cutting edge topics of interest in the wide field of chemical technology, whilst uniquely providing the necessary perspective and insight into pertinent aspects, rather than merely presenting information. Set began publication in January 2004 Over 1000 articles More than 600 new or updated articles 27 volumes Reviews from the previous edition: "The most indispensable reference in the English language on all aspects of chemical technology...the best reference of its kind". —Chemical Engineering News, 1992 "Overall, ECT is well written and cleanly edited, and no library claiming to be a useful resource for chemical engineering professionals should be without it." —Nicholas Basta, Chemical Engineering, December 1992