Geological Structures And Maps

This highly illustrated student guide introduces the skills of interpreting a geological map and relating it to the morphology of the most important types of geological structure. Thoroughly revised, and with more international examples, it is ideal for use by students with a minimum of tutorial supervision. Photographs of structures are set alongside their representations on maps. The maps used in exercises have been chosen to provide all of the realism of a survey map without the huge amount of data often present, so that students can develop skills without becoming overwhelmed or confused. In particular, emphasis is placed throughout on developing the skill of three-dimensional visualization so important to the geologist. * Successful practical guide provides a solid introduction to the subject of geological maps * Fully revised edition includes more international examples to increase the breadth of your knowledge * Illustrations and end of chapter questions make this an ideal tool to aid self-guided study

This highly illustrated student guide introduces the skills of interpreting a geological map and relating it to the morphology of the most important types of geological structure. Thoroughly revised, and with more international examples, it is ideal for use by students with a minimum of tutorial supervision. Photographs of structures are set alongside their representations on maps. The maps used in exercises have been chosen to provide all of the realism of a survey map without the huge amount of data often present, so that students can develop skills without becoming overwhelmed or confused. In particular, emphasis is placed throughout on developing the skill of three-dimensional visualization so important to the geologist. * Successful practical guide provides a solid introduction to the subject of geological maps * Fully revised edition includes more international examples to increase the breadth of your knowledge * Illustrations and end of chapter questions make this an ideal tool to aid self-guided study

An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps is a concise and accessible textbook providing simple structural terminology and map problems which introduce geological structures. It is a perfect introduction to mapping for students of geology, engineering geology and civil engineering. Each topic is explained and illustrated by figures, and exercises follow on successive maps. If students are unable to complete an exercise, they can read on to obtain more specific instructions on how theory may be used to solve the problem. An appendix at the end of the book provides the solutions. This new, eighth edition contains simplified introductory matter to make the subject as easy to grasp as possible. Colour photographs illustrating geological structures bring the subject to life and a new map from the British Geological Survey illustrates a real area. There is more on outcrop patterns, which will help students to think in 3D, and on structures and the relationship of topography to geological structure. Cliff sections have been added to reinforce the concept of apparent dip. The section on planetary geology has been more closely tied to igneous geology to aid understanding of the connection between the two. Finally, a new map on economic geology has been added for the benefit of engineering students. A geological glossary helps students to understand and memorise key terms and a new, colourful, text design enlivens the appearance of this popular book.

This is a handbook of practical techniques for making the best possible interpretation of geological structures at the map scale and for extracting the maximum amount of information from surface and subsurface maps. Quantitative methods are emphasized throughout and analytical solutions are given. Interpretation strategies are defined for GIS or CAD users, yet are simple enough to be done by hand. This book will help users produce better geological maps, judge the quality of existing maps, and locate and fix mapping errors.

Understanding Geology through Maps guides young professional geologists and students alike in understanding and interpreting the world’s dynamic and varying geological landscapes through the liberal use of visual aids including figures, maps, and diagrams. This highly visual reference introduces the skills of interpreting a geological map and relating it to the morphology of the most important types of geological structure. Thoroughly revised, and with more international examples, it is ideal for use by students with a minimum of tutorial supervision. Maps of geological structures provide all of the realism of a survey map without the huge amount of data often present, so readers can develop or hone their skills without becoming overwhelmed or confused. In particular, emphasis is placed throughout on developing the skill of three-dimensional visualization so important to geologists. Authored by a master geologist with more than 40 years of experience in research and instruction Features more than 130 figures, diagrams, and illustrations—many in full color—to highlight major themes and aid in the retention of key concepts Leads to a broad understanding of Earth’s geology through the use of real and theoretical map Exercises conclude each chapter, making it an ideal tool for self-guided and quick study

Designed to be carried in the field, this pocket-sized how-to book is a practical guide to basic techniques in mapping geological structures. In addition to including the latest computerised developments, the author provides succinct information on drawing cross-sections and preparing and presenting 'fair copy' maps and geological diagrams. Contains a brief chapter on the essentials of report writing and discusses how to keep adequate field notebooks. A checklist of equipment needed in the field can be found in the appendices. Quote from 3rd edition "provides a wealth of good advice on how to measure, record and write reports of geological field observations" The Naturalist

In the same way that topographic, road, and rail maps provide us with information concerning the nature of the land surface and the location of man-made features. Geological maps contain data which allows an understanding of the distribution of rocks that make up the crust of the Earth and the orientation of structures they contain. Unlike ordinary maps however, geological maps include information which allows us to assess not only the location of particular rocks and the areas they cover, but also their underground extent and their geological history.

Introduction to Geological Maps and Structures deals with the preparation of geological maps using topographic contours such as hills, valleys, rock outcrop patterns, faults, veins, rivers, lakes, cliffs, and coasts. A geological formation is a three-dimensional body with a particular shape. Two factors determine the accuracy of boundaries on a geological map: 1) boundaries can only be drawn where there is a sharp contact between adjacent formations; and 2) the ability to follow geological boundaries in the field depends on the degree of exposure, from which the solid rocks tend to be hidden under a cover of soil and superficial deposits. If economic interests are involved, geological maps are very detailed: subsurface information obtained from bore holes and mine workings can be added to surface mapping. The book also describes the construction of a tectonic map, usually drawn on a larger scale, which shows the outcrop of lithostratigraphic units also in very large scales. The book notes that no systematic methodology has yet been developed for the construction of tectonic maps. The book is suitable for geologists, students, or scientists involved in hydrology, meteorology and with general earth sciences.

Detailed mapping and analysis of the structural features of rocks enable the 3D geometry of their structures to be reconstructed. The resulting evidence of the stresses and movement patterns which rocks have undergone indicates the processes by which they were formed, and allows evaluation of past deformations of the earth’s crust. Written to show how one actually describes, measures and records rock structures such as folds and faults with the emphasis on accuracy, detail and on-going interpretation throughout, this handbook gives students and enthusiasts the practical information and guidance which allows their fieldwork to become vastly more rewarding. "...the author is to be congratulated on producing such an excellent text. The whole range of mapping techniques that an undergraduate student will require are described and the book will still be immense help to post-graduates setting out on their research work. The book represents extremely good value and is thoroughly recommended." —C.R.L. Friend, Mineralogical Magazine

In this book, the authors explain both the geometrical and the geological interpretation of maps. Their work makes full use of modern geological concepts, including those relating to the environments of formation of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks, mineral deposits, and of geological structures.

Geologists must be able to “read” a geological map. That means interpreting the vertical dimension through the 2D view represented on the map and at different scales. The main objective of this book is to help students during this difficult learning process. Based on an abundant iconography (field photos, maps, cross-sections) and on basics in mathematics and mechanics, the book dissects the geometry of emblematic geological structures and objects in order to build 3 D models, printable in 3D. The book is dedicated to structural geology with a particular emphasis on kinematics of faulting and folding and on salt tectonics (chapters III, IV and V). The origin of continental great unconformities and oceanic break-up unconformities is also discussed (chapter II). The audience of the book is broad and includes (under)graduate students in Earth Sciences, professors of Natural Sciences, and professional or amateur geologists.

Introduction to Geological Maps and Structures describes the basic methods to interpret and attain a better understanding of geological maps. The book describes the nature and preparation of geological maps, and then covers topics such as solid and drift maps, geological boundaries, sections, and the use of symbols. The book explains sedimentary rocks, outcrop patterns, and the topographic representation of geological structures. The text also addresses the geometry of folds and folding when pre-existing surfaces are distorted into zigzag patterns. The author explains in detail the morphology of folded layers and the mechanism involved in folding. He goes on to interpret the formation of outcrop patterns, as well as the structure of a cylindrical and cylindroidal fold patterns. The author also describes the different structures that result from the brittle fractures present in rocks that undergo massive stress. Of interest is the presentation of how fissures and mineral veins are formed and deposited. The author then discusses earth movements resulting in angular unconformities known as stratigraphic break. These breaks in the stratigraphic record, such as diastems, non-sequences, paraconformities, or disconformities, can be interpreted as the intervals of geological time. The book then explains the nature of tectonic maps, which involves features arising from the continental crust, and how these maps are different from geological maps that show the outcrop of lithostratigraphic units. Geologists, cartographers, meteorologists, seismologists, land use developers, and students of the earth sciences will find this book valuable.

This text tries to overcome the lack of existing literature linking theoretical concepts and practical exercises in geological maps. This book starts from cutout plates, continues relating basic cartographic elements with topography and finishes interpretating more complicated geological maps, as a result of many years of selecting, preparing and experimenting with several map exercises. This book may be a useful resource at every level in which geological mapping is taught. By learning basic geological structures and their cartographic representation it should be possible to interpret advanced geological maps.